Arabic exports

vizier

Arabic wazīr was first a helper: in the Qurʾan Moses asks for his brother Aaron as one. Under the caliphs it became the chief minister, and English met the Ottoman vezir in the 1560s.

Weakest linkCertain

The road to English

From Arabic to Andalusian Arabic, Old Spanish, Spanish

From Arabic to Persian

From Arabic to Swahili

630 CEArabic

Hops are evenly spaced; labels show the year each form is first attested.

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