Animals, plants & weather

tulip

Europeans who saw tulips in Ottoman gardens called them by the Turkish word for turban cloth, tülbend; the Turks themselves called the flower lâle. From Gessner's Latin the 'turban' flower bloomed in Dutch, German, French, Polish, Russian and, much later, Japanese.

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The road to English

From Ottoman Turkish to Turkish

From New Latin to Dutch

From New Latin to German

From New Latin to French

From New Latin to Italian

From New Latin to Spanish

From New Latin to Polish, Russian

From New Latin to Hungarian

From New Latin to Swedish

From English to Japanese

1000Persian

Hops are evenly spaced; labels show the year each form is first attested.

The road to English

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