Arabic exports

talisman

Greek télesma meant a payment or a religious rite; Byzantine Greek used it for a consecrated object with magic power. Arabic borrowed it as ṭilasm, and travellers brought it to French and English as talisman in the 1590s–1630s.

Weakest linkProbable

The road to English

From Arabic to Persian

From Arabic to Ottoman Turkish, Turkish

400 BCEAncient Greek

Hops are evenly spaced; labels show the year each form is first attested.

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