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orange

Sanskrit nāraṅga, probably from a Dravidian word, travelled with the bitter orange through Persian nārang and Arabic nāranj; Spanish naranja and Portuguese laranja kept the n- and carried it to the Americas, while in Italian and French 'a narange' was heard as 'an arange' and the word was nudged toward the town of Orange and Latin aurum 'gold'.

Weakest linkProbable

The road to English

From Persian to Hindi

From Persian to Ottoman Turkish, Turkish

From Arabic to Modern Greek

From Arabic to Old Spanish, Spanish, Mexican Spanish

From Arabic to Portuguese, Brazilian Portuguese

From Arabic to Italian, New Latin

From Old French to French

From French to Dutch

From French to German

From French to Russian

From English to Japanese

400 CESanskrit

Hops are evenly spaced; labels show the year each form is first attested.