Arabic exportsScripture

caliph

Arabic ḵalīfa 'successor, deputy' was the title of Abu Bakr and the rulers after him as heads of the Muslim community; Medieval Latin and Old French passed it to English in the late 1300s.

Weakest linkProbable

The road to English

From Arabic to Ottoman Turkish, Turkish

From Arabic to Malay

From Arabic to Swahili

632 CEArabic

Hops are evenly spaced; labels show the year each form is first attested.

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