ש־ב־תس ب ت
š-b-t “to stop, cease, rest” The Sabbath, šabbāṯ, is the day work stops, and Hebrew links it to šāḇaṯ 'to cease'; whether the noun really comes from the verb or is related to Akkadian šapattu (the full-moon day) is debated. It is unrelated to š-b-ʿ 'seven' and to ṣəḇāʾôṯ 'hosts' (Sabaoth), despite the look-alikes.
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Biblical Hebrew → Aramaic: 1 word Koine Greek → Latin: 1 word Aramaic → Syriac: 1 word Aramaic → Middle Persian: 1 word Aramaic → Ge'ez: 1 word Koine Greek → Gothic: 1 word Latin → Vulgar Latin: 1 word Koine Greek → Late Latin: 1 word Syriac → Armenian: 1 word Armenian → Georgian: 1 word Koine Greek → Proto-Slavic: 1 word Aramaic → Arabic: 1 word Proto-Slavic → Old Church Slavonic: 1 word Middle Persian → Persian: 1 word Latin → Old English: 1 word Gothic → Old High German: 1 word Old Church Slavonic → Old East Slavic: 1 word Proto-Slavic → Hungarian: 1 word Latin → Spanish: 1 word Vulgar Latin → Old French: 1 word Old High German → Middle High German: 1 word Proto-Slavic → Polish: 1 word Proto-Slavic → Czech: 1 word Latin → Portuguese: 1 word Latin → Italian: 1 word Ge'ez → Amharic: 1 word Old English → Middle English: 1 word Middle High German → German: 1 word Koine Greek → Modern Greek: 1 word Middle English → English: 1 word Arabic → Maltese: 1 word Old East Slavic → Russian: 1 word Vulgar Latin → Romanian: 1 word Late Latin → English: 1 word Arabic → Malay: 1 word Arabic → Malagasy: 1 word Arabic → Hausa: 1 word Old French → French: 1 word Spanish → Tagalog: 1 word Late Latin → French: 1 word Late Latin → Italian: 1 word Late Latin → Spanish: 1 word Late Latin → Portuguese: 1 word English → American English: 1 word Yiddish → English: 1 word Yiddish → American English: 1 word Yiddish → Dutch: 1 word American English → Japanese: 1 word Biblical Hebrew → Koine Greek: 2 words Biblical Hebrew → Yiddish: 2 words Biblical Hebrew → Modern Hebrew: 2 words Biblical Hebrew: 3 words Biblical Hebrew English: 3 words English Koine Greek: 2 words Koine Greek Spanish: 2 words Spanish Portuguese: 2 words Portuguese Italian: 2 words Italian Yiddish: 2 words Yiddish French: 2 words French American English: 2 words American English Modern Hebrew: 2 words Modern Hebrew Aramaic: 1 word Aramaic Latin: 1 word Latin Syriac: 1 word Syriac Middle Persian: 1 word Middle Persian Ge'ez: 1 word Ge'ez Gothic: 1 word Gothic Vulgar Latin: 1 word Vulgar Latin Late Latin: 1 word Late Latin Armenian: 1 word Armenian Georgian: 1 word Georgian Proto-Slavic: 1 word Proto-Slavic Arabic: 1 word Arabic Old Church Slavonic: 1 word Old Church Slavonic Persian: 1 word Persian Old English: 1 word Old English Old High German: 1 word Old High German Old East Slavic: 1 word Hungarian: 1 word Old French: 1 word Middle High German: 1 word Polish: 1 word Czech: 1 word Amharic: 1 word Middle English: 1 word German: 1 word Modern Greek: 1 word Maltese: 1 word Russian: 1 word Romanian: 1 word Malay: 1 word Malagasy: 1 word Hausa: 1 word Tagalog: 1 word Dutch: 1 word Japanese: 1 word Today 3 of 3 words have reached English
54 hops. The slider moves through them evenly, so busy centuries get room.
Relatives outside the atlas Biblical Hebrew שָׁבַת šāḇaṯ “to cease, rest” Modern Hebrew שְׁבִיתָה šəḇîtāh “a strike (labour stoppage)” Biblical Hebrew שַׁבָּתוֹן šabbāṯôn “solemn rest” Arabic السَّبْت as-sabt “Saturday” Akkadian šapattu šapattu “day of the full moon (compared, not ancestral)”
Sources Lexodus atlas entries sabbath, sabbatical, shabbes-goy, sabaoth Klein, s.v. שבת