ק־ד־שق د س
q-d-š “holy, set apart”
Proto-Semitic *qudš- 'holiness' gave Aramaic qaddîš 'holy', the name of the mourner's prayer, and rabbinic Hebrew qiddûš 'sanctification', the blessing over wine. Arabic keeps the root in al-Quds, its name for Jerusalem, 'the Holy (city)'.
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| Biblical Hebrew | קָדוֹשׁ | qāḏôš | “holy” |
| Biblical Hebrew | קֹדֶשׁ | qōḏeš | “holiness, sanctuary” |
| Biblical Hebrew | מִקְדָּשׁ | miqdāš | “sanctuary, Temple” |
| Arabic | القُدْس | al-Quds | “Jerusalem, 'the Holy'” |
| Arabic | مُقَدَّس | muqaddas | “sacred, hallowed” |
| Mishnaic Hebrew | קִדּוּשִׁין | qiddûšîn | “betrothal (a 'sanctifying')” |